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Sign and Symptoms
:
» l Pain
in emphasised on fore arm movements or on
pressure.
» l
Local tenderness
» l Muscle spasm
» l Localised pain but in
Several Cases includes aching and tension of arm and
shoulder region.
Physiotherapy :
Obtain and maintain full range movement.
Pain on movement is likely to persist until range
is full.Treatment should be given as per the
structure involved.
(a) Early stage : Cold
therapy is advisable
(b) Uitrasonic
therapy
(c) Short wave diathermy
(d)
Repeated stretching or manipulations often in
conjunction with local injection of local
anesthetic and hydrocortisone are to be
avoided.
NOTE :
Most of the sports medicine experts
now are of opinion that as far as possible
hydrocortisone therapy should be
avoided.
THERMAL
PROCEDURESA. Cold
Therapy
Effect of nerve tissue – brief
cutneous cooling increases input to CNS and
enhances motor output.lIschaemic Tissues
» l Special care
to be taken in arteriosclerotic heart
decease.
» l Cold
allergy
» l Cold
aversonIndication
» l Control oedema
formation
» l
Relative pain
» l
Reduce muscle spasm
» l Reduce muscle
spasticity
» l
Improve nerve transmission
» l Increase visual
acuity
» l
Facilitate muscle contraction
» l Improve sustained muscle
contraction
Different ways of
application – cold pack cold immersion of
limb or lower trunk, Ice Cube massage, Ethyl
Chloride sprays, contrast bath.Longer period of
cooling i.e.,
5-7minutes diminishes
unwanted sensations.Prolonged period of cooling
20-30 minutes diminishes muscle tone and nerve
conduction velocity.Effect on circulation :
Vasoconstriction
(Initially on application
)Vasocilation later on :Effect on tissues :
Reduces metabolic ratel
» Increases joint viscosity
» l Increases
muscle viscosity
» l Produces longer
contraction and relaxation time in
muscles.
Precautions to be taken in
cases of Supplies by vagus
nerve.
Hypertension
cases.
B.
Heat Therphy.
(a) Physiological
effect of local heat increase tissue metabolism
Increase superficial blood flow.
Sedative
effect on sensory nerve endings. Relaxation of
muscle tissue.
(b) More general effect –
fall in blood pressure Increase in heart and
respiratory rate. Rise in ‘core’ temperature
Increased activity of sweat glands.Precautions to
be taken – test integrity of skin thermal
sensation.
» Check adequate circulation.
» Test understanding of
patient
» Read
medical history
1.
Infra – Red Radiation (IRR)
» Non-luminous
generator.
» Electromagnetic wavelength
» Shorter wave lengths produce
greater heating effect.
» Depth of penetration is
couple of mm.
» Heat is produced by absorption of radiant
energy
» Dosage
10-20 min. Daily.
» IRR obey optional
laws.Indications – relieve pain, relax superficial
muscle spasm and increases
superficial blood
supply.
Contraindications
:
» Loss
of thermal skin sensation of large area.
» Some skin
diseases
» Vascular insufficiency
» Haemorrhage.
After an
Injury :
Muscles and their tendons
can be strained or torn by any sudden violent
contraction or awkward movement. Also referred to
as a “pulled muscle” this is common sports injury.
If you have suffered any sort of injury after
exercising it is wise to consult a doctor who may
decide that an X-ray is necessary. Following
treatment , you should be careful not to strain
the injured part by an over-paid return to your
former exercise routine. It may be helpful to
follow a program of special exercise to help
restore strength to the injured part gradually. If
pain or swelling occurs or persists, consult your
doctor.
Itching
:
Itching (irritation of skin that
makes you want to scratch) is usually produced by
contact with certain types of fabric or with
substance to which you are sensitive.
Many
skin disorders that produce a rash also cause
itching. Occassionally, itching is a sign of an
underlying diseases or of psychological stress.
Removal of natural oils by excessive washing may
cause itching, especially in older
people.
Stress fractures
:
Bones that are constantly under
stress may develop hairline cracks known as stress
fractures. Pain may only be slight, so there is a
danger that the injury may go unnoticed and that
further exercise may increase the damage. Aching
in the muscles the day after unaccustomed exercise
is usual and best treated by keeping mobile. In
such cases, resting the affected part for a few
days and gradually returning to a vigorous
exercise program is advisable. Some people find
that a warm bath after exercise helps to prevent
such pain from developing.
Osteothritis :
The main
long term health problem some times associated
with regular vigorous exercise is osteoarthritis.
This often develops in later life as a result of
wear and tear on joints, even in those who do not
exercise excessively, but it is more likely to
occur at a younger age in professional athletes.
For most people health benefits of regular
exercise out weight the risk of premature
osteoarthritis, and this risk can be reduced by
choosing a sports that does not overwork one set of
joints for example, swimming. If you suffer
persistent joint pain by following exercise,
consult your doctor.
SHIN SPLINTS
Shin
splints are pains along the shin bone that may
occur during or after exercise. Shin splints may
be the result of a stress fracture, swelling of
the muscle, or inflammation of the lining of the
bone. If you apply an ice bag, elevate your leg
and rest it as much as possible. Wrapping the leg
with an elastic bandage may also
help.
SMOKING :
It is bad enough on its own, worse still
to a sportsman. Smoking greatly reduces the
physical endurances (stamina) of a sports person.
So a sportsman should never smoke.
ALCOHOL :
Should be avoided
a sports person totally as it interferes
carbohydrates stores and reduces a person physical
ability. The handover effect of alcohol felt the
next day reduces a sports persons ability.
Concentration and co-ordination.
WATER :
Equally
important ingredient of a balanced diet. Many a
match has been lost due to lack of hydration.
Dehydration reduces performance drastically.Water
should be taken before dining & after games
throughout the day.
HYGIENE :
All the dirt
which collects on our skin is a result of sweat,
oily secretions which catch the dust and millions
of cells from our skin which are being
continuously thrown off by the body. This is
especially so in the greases in the skin.The
removal of this dirt is easier if done at the
earliest opportunity. Therefore have a thorough
bath immediately after play. Nails should be cut
short. If a fast moving ball brushes a nail, it
can get spoiled from its bed.
Oral hygiene
is very important to sports person. Caries of
teeth can be avoided by not eating chocolates and
carbohydrates before going to sleep.Socks must be
washed daily and should be dried in the sun before
putting them in the bag. They should not be
crumpled in the shoes immediately taking them
off.
A sports person should be well
nourished.A well nourished person is one who has a
balance diet not too much of some food & not
too little of some.
DIET
:
Diet consists of six essential
nutrients. Balanced diet is essential for good
health and perfect physical fitness.
Carbohydrates :
Are
stores in the body in the form of a glucose
polymer called glycogen. Whenever a sports Person
is having a prolonged sport activity this glycogen
is split into glucose for energy needs.
Give
your energy to play, brain depends solely on
carbohydrates for energy found in fruits, veg-like
potatoes, cereals (Wheat/rise) chocolates,
biscuits etc.
Proteins
:
These are most important for body
building. Increases in strength of the muscles
corresponds to increase in the protein content of
the muscles. Our body cannot store protein as it
can store carbohydrates. So proteins should be
consumed regularly. Proteins as it can store
carbohydrates. So proteins should be consumed
regularly. Proteins build muscles – essential for
growing children, proteins are found in Dals,
Soyabeen, Egg, Meat & Fish.
Fats :
Give you
energy.Excess of fat is harmful to the body. It
leads to excess of weight. Excess weight makes the
body slow and inefficient.Minerals like Iron,
Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium – essential
for bones & teeth & for muscle
contractions.Minerals – Common salt is an
important mineral in a tropical country like India
where due to excessive sweating a lot of salt is
lost. If excess salt is lost, then weakness,
fatigue and cramps are the result. Lemon juice
with salt and glucose is excellent during and
after intense physical activity.
Vitamins :
Vitamins are
required for digestion of all the components of
food & their proper utlization.Extra vitamins
in the form of tonics & Capsules need not be
taken. A properly cooked diet with fruits &
salads give enough vitamins required by the
Body.Any average middle class diet does not lead
to vitamin deficiencies. Deficiency of vitamins
impairs performance but excess of vitamins does
not and cannot improve performance. It is a sound
policy to buy fresh fruits and vegetables instead
of vitamins for daily consumption.
SPORTS INJURIES :
Minor Injuries
:
Chafing (soreness that can
result from friction between clothes, equipment
and skin ) may be prevented by rubbing petroleum
jelly into susceptible areas, or by wearing
protective bandages. Blisters on the feet are
usually the result of poorly-fitting shoes. Apply
an adhesive plaster to protect against further
rubbing.STRAINS, SPRAINS AND PULLED MUCLES AND
LIGAMENTS These injuries occur when muscles and
joints are stretched beyond their normal limits of
movement resulting in damage to muscle and
ligament fibres.
THE
DIFFERENT THERAPIES FOR TREATMENT
:
1.
PHYSIOTHERAPY
(A Greek
Word)
Physicists : Nature
Medical, Gymnsatics
Therapy
: Treatment by means of physical
or mechanical methods, (Treatment by message,
rays, current wax, water, swedish message,
ultra-sound)(Comprehensive word).
Consisting
number of :Actino-therapy – (Treatment by means of
rays) infra-red rays, ultra-violet rays, ultra
sound scanning.
2.
ELECTROTHERAPY :
Treatment by means
of Electric Current (Short –wave diathermy,
peradism, Faradism)
3.
PARAPHIN WAX THERAPY :
Treatment by
means of Wax.
4.
HYDROTHERAPY :
Utilisation of water
in and treatment by means of water for remedial
purposes.
5.
CRYOTHERAPY :
Treatment by means of
ICE or Cold Water.
6.
CONTRAST THERAPY :
Using hot &
cold water.
7.
THEROTHERAPY :
Treatment by means of
spiritual method (selective
activities)
8.
PSYCHOTHERAPY :
Utilisation of
mental means
9. SWEDISH
MASSAGE :
It consists of a number of
manipulations (skillful treatment by using
hands)TEXTRAS OR SKILLFUL :STRAIN :(Trauma to
muscle)
Important muscle involved in
strain-three muscles mainly quadriceps –
hamstrings, Cal muscle, G.
(Trauma to joint)
(Ligament or Tendon) Highly elastic and made up of
yellow fibre.Tendon is joint between muscle to
bone. It is highly non-elastic. It is the end part
of the muscle.
ARTHRITIS :
Inflammation of joints
:
MYOSITIS /
FIBROSITIS :
Inflammation of
muscles.MANAGEMENT OF INJURIES :There are two
types of injuries :
1) Intrinsic injuries
(faulty techniques action)
2)
Extrinsic injuries (Sudden injuries out side
body)
THREE CATEGORIES
:
1) Soft tissue injuries
2) Bone injuries (Fractures)
3)
Joint Injuries (Dislocation)
B I O – M E C H A N I C S
It is utilisation of mechanical principles
in the sports activity it is related with such
factors as speed, acceleration, motion, levers,
centre of gravity, friction, projectiles, spin and
rebound.
l SPEED
:
l ACCELERATION :
l MOTION
:
l LEVERS :
l CENTRE OF GRAVITY :
l FRICTION :
l PROJECTILES
:
l SPIN AND REBOUND : |
